Examining the Governance Challenges in Post-Election Tanzania

Navigating Political Tensions in Tanzania: An Institutional Analysis

Recently, Tanzania's political landscape has been a focal point of international scrutiny following the general elections held in October 2025. The election results saw President Samia Suluhu Hassan re-elected with an overwhelming majority of 97.66%. However, the outcome has led to widespread public unrest and demonstrations. The protests that ensued, taking place on October 29, 2025, led to violent confrontations, as security forces reportedly used live ammunition, resulting in numerous casualties.

What Is Established

• President Samia Suluhu Hassan was re-elected with 97.66% of votes in the October 2025 elections.
• The election results have been officially recognized by the Tanzanian government.
• Protests erupted across Tanzania following the declaration of the election results.
• Multiple sources confirm that security forces used live ammunition during the protests.

What Remains Contested

• The legitimacy of the election results is disputed by opposition groups.
• The exact number of casualties during the post-election protests is not universally agreed upon.
• Questions remain about the proportionality of the security response to the protests.
• There is ongoing debate over the media's role and portrayal of the events.

Institutional and Governance Dynamics

The situation in Tanzania highlights significant governance challenges that are not unique to the region. The overwhelming electoral victory of President Hassan has raised questions about the robustness of democratic processes, voter confidence, and institutional checks and balances. Tanzania’s electoral framework and its enforcement mechanisms are under scrutiny, as they need to ensure both transparency and public trust. Furthermore, the handling of public dissent and the use of force reflect underlying systemic issues related to governance and civil rights. Amidst these tensions, there is a pressing need to foster dialogue and implement systemic reforms that prioritize democratic resilience and accountability.

A Regional Context

The events in Tanzania are part of a broader pattern observed in several African nations, where post-election periods often prompt public protests and raise questions about electoral integrity. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) and similar organizations have expressed concerns regarding press freedom and the safety of journalists covering such protests. In this context, it is crucial for governments to address governance deficits and reinforce democratic institutions to prevent the erosion of public trust and ensure the peaceful exercise of civil liberties.

The Road Ahead

Looking forward, Tanzania's path to stability will require addressing electoral grievances and ensuring that governance systems are viewed as legitimate and representative. Promoting an inclusive political environment where dialogue is prioritized can help mitigate tensions. Furthermore, institutional reforms aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability are essential in building a resilient democracy. Regional bodies and international partners can play a supportive role by offering platforms for mediation and sharing best practices in governance.